PCE 411 ADVANCED PAPER MANUFACTURING (3) Provides students with an experience that enables them to synthesize their accumulated knowledge and skills in paper science, paper engineering, economics, statistical methods, environmental technology, writing, and teamwork fundamentals. This objective is met by carrying out two projects. In the first project, student teams determine the raw materials and papermaking processing conditions required to produce paper on the Miami University pilot paper machine that matches a sample of "unknown" paper provided to them at the beginning of the semester. The solution of this "real life" problem requires them to apply the professional and academic resources they have accumulated throughout their academic career. The second project focuses on analysis of the project management process, economics, ethics, and environmental impact associated with a major paper mill capital project. Taken together, these two projects provide students with a broad, multi disciplinary experience that promotes the synthesis and integration of knowledge acquired in academic courses and professional skills developed during summer internships and co-op work terms. Prerequisites: Paper Science and Engineering majors and Engineering Management majors must have taken, or be taking PPS 404 Papermaking, and completed all of the normal paper science prerequisite courses up to that point. Non-paper science students must have senior standing and gain permission of the instructor. The broad range of activities involved make it possible to entertain students from a variety of backgrounds and experiences.

PCE 471, 472 ENGINEERING DESIGN I and II (1,2) A two-course capstone involving the application and synthesis of students' accumulated knowledge in a major, open-ended, industrial research/design project. Critical elements of the design process and "real world" constraints (environmental impact, economical and social factors, marketability, ergonomics, safety, aesthetics, and ethics) are considered. Strong emphasis is placed on oral and written communication skills. Students from different academic backgrounds are assigned to multidisciplinary project teams in order to utilize their varied experiences, knowledge, learning styles, and skills to achieve a successful conclusion to each project. Prerequisite: Senior standing in the student's major, completion of foundation courses and thematic sequence, and permission of the lead instructor to enroll.

PHL 404 What is Philosophy (4) This course addresses the questions of the nature and ends of philosophy. As such, the course offers both a culmination of a philosophical education through a discussion of various philosophical views on the meta-question of the nature of philosophy, and a culmination of a liberal education through a comparison of philosophy with other fields of inquirey (e.g., science, literature, history, etc.). Prerequisite: Senior standing.

PHL 405 PHILOSOPHY FOR CHILDREN (4) Students close to graduation will be provided the opportunity to reflect upon how their disciplinary and liberal education experiences have prepared them for success in next phase of their lives; a phase that will include three human enterprises: the moral, the civic, and the economic. As future teachers, parents, and citizens, they will examine their understanding of the role of education in the culture and reflect on their own educational experiences. Part of the task students will face is to reflect critically upon the aims of education as they pertain to preparing people for participation in a critical democracy. Prerequisite: Senior standing.

PHS 402 CRITICAL REFLECTIONS ON PRACTICES IN HEALTH AND PHYSICAL CULTURE (3) Engages collaborative groups of students and faculty in problem-based and/or community service learning initiatives related to health and the culture of physical activity. Student work as teams to critically analyze a societal need or problem, and develop and implement a reflective intervention or action plan for the community based on that need. Prerequisites: senior standing or permission of instructor.

PHS 430 PHS CAPSTONE PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE (3) Provides students with a culminating experience which allows them to make connections between their theoretical, conceptual, and interpretive class experiences and real-world settings. Specifically, this capstone is a field experience where students will be placed in an appropriate setting (e.g., sport organization, corporate fitness program, hospital-based wellness program) where they will have an opportunity to apply the knowledge they learned in class. To complement this field experience, periodic class meetings will be held for students to exchange ideas, reflect upon their experiences, and make connections to their area or study.
PHS 430.A Athletic Training Capstone Professional Experience
PHS 430.B Becoming a Health and Physical Education Teacher*
PHS 430.C Sport Studies Capstone Professional Experience
PHS 430.D Exercise Science Capstone Professional Experience
PHS 430.E Health Appraisal and Enhancement Capstone Professional Experience
PHS 430.G Dietetics Capstone Professional Experience
Prerequisite: Overall GPA of 2.5 and senior standing. In addition, each individual capstone has an added prerequisite as listed below. However, permission of the instructor can be substituted for any of the following prerequisites:
430.A--major in athletic training; 430.B--for Physical Education, PHS 347, 348 and 420.B, for Health Education, PHS 322, 362 and EAP core requirements; 430.C--major in sport organization; 430.D--major in exercise science; 430.E--major in health appraisal and enhancement; 430.G--major in dietetics.

PHS 431 HEALTH-RELATED, SERVICE-LEARNING EXPERIENCES WITH CHILDREN, YOUTH, AND FAMILIES (3). Provides students with a health-related service experience in diverse professional contexts in which the varied health challenges faced by children, youth, and families are being addressed. Concepts and definitions of health and family are briefly reviewed and the interconnections among schools and families pertaining to the health of children and youth are emphasized, with a special emphasis on the role of the family. Students participate in their service experience with a school program or health/human service agency whose specific purpose is to address one or many children's health challenges. Students then use the classroom as an opportunity for reflection and critical review of their health-related service experience through dialogue and discussion with other learners. Emphasis is on analysis of their experience as it compares to theories of how to help children, youth, and families discussed in the first part of the course. Students present their experiences as part of the PHS Department's colloquium series.

PHS 444 INTERNATIONAL HEALTH: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES (4) AND 445 A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE: HEALTH, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL IMPACTS OF HEALTH PROMOTION (4) The World Health Organization ranked the health care system of France as number one in the world in 2000. Thus students will study international health in the country that is ranked number one in the world. Students will study for six weeks and attend seminars with speakers from international health organizations. Students will travel to health agencies in France and will travel to Geneva Switzerland to attend seminars at the World Health Organization. The sixth and final week of the course students will attend the International Health Conference, "Health: An Investment for a just society: The 50th anniversary conference of the IUHPE" in Paris France. The IUHPE has members from more than 80 countries. This program will be conducted in English. Prerequisite: Senior standing.

PHY 488.A and 488.B RESEARCH CAPSTONE IN PHYSICS (3). Designed to have the student experience all phases of doing scientific research: selecting a topic to be investigated, reading the relevant literature, developing a research plan, performing the experiments and/or computations, interpreting the data, interacting with other researchers, and writing and presenting a final report. PHY 488.A is an on-campus experience; PHY 488.B is an off-campus, summer experience (one-time only approval, Summer 1995). Prerequisite: senior standing and completion of the courses in The Physical World: Contemporary Physics Thematic Sequence, or permission of the research capstone coordinator.

POL 419 CIVIL SOCIETY AND MODERN POLITICS (4) A capstone course designed to discuss the nature of modern civil society, including a discussion of its nature, its historical origins, the problems which threaten its continued existence, and the possible solutions which might be used to preserve and maintain it.
Prerequisite: open to seniors who are either majors in Political Science or who, as non-majors, have taken the Political Thinking Thematic Sequence. The capstone seminar cannot be counted to meet the minimum number of credit hours for a major in the Department.

POL 424 TRANSATLANTIC SEMINAR ON THE EUROPEAN UNION (6) Brings students to Europe for an intensive series of roundtables with leading specialists and officials drawn from the European Union and national governments as well as from the business, banking, and academic communities. That extensive contact combined with in-depth research in one particular issue area, confronts students with the constant challenge of political synthesis. It is a hands-on, interactive experience that requires cooperation among students, skillful interaction with a wide diversity of specialists and policy makers, and the capacity to probe a research problem in a field setting. Prerequisites: At least one semester of prior study on the politics and policies of European integration and senior standing.

POL 439 NORTH AMERICAN POLITICS: UNITY AND DIVERSITY (3) Emphasizes the political, economic, and socio-cultural integration of North America, as well as the factors that impede such integration. Substantive themes include NAFTA, immigration, indigenous rights, labor organizing, and women's movements. Students will be expected to analyze these and other issues from a diversity of perspectives, and to participate actively in a collaborative learning environment. Prerequisites: senior standing and completion of POL 221 or 271, or permission of instructor.

POL 459 CAPSTONE SEMINAR ON THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SYSTEM (3) Examines broad themes on the American political system through readings, research, writing, presentations and discussions. Topics will vary, within the broad themes denoted below, according to section. Themes include American Political Culture, American Political Development, American Democracy Reconsidered, Governing the Nation from Washington, the American Agenda, Governing States and Communities, Practical Politics in the United States, Citizen Politics in the United States, Constitutional Politics in the United States. Prerequisite: open only to those with senior standing who are majors in the Department of Political Science or who have completed a Thematic Sequence in National Political Institutions, Public Law, or Effective Citizenship.

POL 466 PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS (3). Final course in the public administration required core. Study of the stages of policy process including problem definition, policy formulation, implementation, impact evaluation, and termination, and the role of the policy analyst in these processes. Simultaneous registration in POL 409 is required. Prerequisite: POL 261 Introduction to Public Administration, POL 306 Applied Research Methods, and senior standing. Others who may take this capstone include students who have completed the Public Management Thematic Sequence. Exceptions may be made with the permission of the instructor. This is a required course for public administration majors.

POL 471 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM (3). Provides students an opportunity to think critically about the meaning and implications of theories and concepts that they have been introduced to in their prior course work. Students are encouraged to think carefully about how one might conduct research that is designed to test and assess the applicability of these theories and concepts to the international system, past and present. One focal point of the class is to think carefully about how well some of the traditional theories about international relations apply to the contemporary international arena. Prerequisite: open to senior Political Science and Diplomacy and Foreign Affairs majors, students who have completed an appropriate thematic sequence, or by permission of instructor.

POL 487 INDIVIDUAL LIVES AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS (3) Students will consider the ways in which personal lives are interwoven into the political life of nations and the world. Through the use of auto-biographies, political histories of twentieth century world affairs, and primary documents, students will explore the interaction of individual lives and international politics. The hope is that students will come to appreciate the impact of the personal on the political, and of the political on the personal, and that this appreciation will both deepen their own life experiences and compel them to take their lives as citizens more personally and more responsibly. Prerequisite: Open to any senior who has taken POL 271 World Politics or one other course in international politics, or by permission of instructor.

POL 489 CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN A DIVIDED WORLD (3). Focuses on devising ways to manage contemporary conflicts. Possible areas for investigation include international trade and investment, arms proliferation, ethnic strife, refugees and immigration. The capstone is designed as an exercise in collaborative learning, where students examine the underlying causes of a particular conflict, explore the different alternatives for managing and/or resolving it, and develop a set of constructive recommendations and a plan for their implementation. Prerequisite: senior standing, must be a major in the department, completed an appropriate thematic sequence, or have permission of the instructor.

PSY 410 CAPSTONE SEMINAR IN PSYCHOLOGY: THE MULTIPLE DETERMINANTS OF BEHAVIOR (3). Intended to help students integrate their knowledge of psychology and related disciplines. A scientific approach to psychology requires us to think critically in examining theories and research, and to understand the contexts in which we think, act, and feel and the contexts in which theories and research are conducted. Students will be expected to engage with other learners as they reflect on ideas about why we behave the way we do. Prerequisite: Intended for Psychology majors, but others may be admitted based on faculty permission; prerequisites depend on the nature of the topic.

PSY 490 RESEARCH APPRENTICESHIP IN PSYCHOLOGY (3) Allows students to integrate their work in psychology by participating in a specific research project. To participate in this course, students will need to make arrangements with a faculty member who will supervise the research team for the project. Students will read related scholarly and professional work, meet on a regular basis with others who are doing related work to share ideas about the research project and readings, and present one or more readings to the research team. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor; other prerequisites may apply, depending on the nature of the project.

REL 402 BASIC STRUCTURES IN THE HISTORY OF RELIGIONS (4) A seminar involving intensive study of a selected topic or theme in the history of religions such as Myths of Creation, Initiation, Pilgrimage, Sacred Space, or Images of the Divine; this theme will be studied in relationship to appropriate methodology. Specific requirements will vary according to the topic and instructor but in every case will involve intensive reading, writing and discussion. Although the theme will be determined beforehand, there will be opportunity for student participation in the selection of specific topics within this theme, including the selection by each student of a particular area of research and the sharing of the results of this research orally with the class as well as in writing as a research paper. Prerequisites: Open to seniors with at least three prior courses in religion or consent of the instructor.

RUS 401 ST. PETERSBURG: HISTORY, LITERATURE, CULTURE (3 credits, 1 extra credit for trip to St. Petersburg). Concentrates on one city, the "second capital" of Russia, St. Petersburg. In-depth study of the history, politics, literature, art and architecture of St. Petersburg. Course taught in English. No prerequisites. Appropriate for students who have taken one of the Russian Thematic Sequences, or for those with a concentration in Russian literature, history, or politics.

SOC 459 SOCIOLOGY CAPSTONE (3) Involves review of the discipline of sociology and focuses on key issues including a review of the tools of the discipline and the role of sociology in student's future roles as individual, employee, and citizen. Prerequisite: senior standing in sociology and completion or current enrollment in the methods and theory requirements.

SOC 462 APPLIED SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH (3) Students will conduct an applied research project as a class, or multiple projects if the class is large. Course reviews alternative forms for applied social research and covers all aspects of applied social research. Prerequisite: senior standing and completion of SOC 262. Students do not need to be sociology majors.

SPA 413 SENIOR SEMINAR IN COMMUNICATION DISORDERS (3) An intensive study of current issues in communication disorders. Each topic builds upon knowledge students have acquired in past courses. Emphasis will be on analysis of issues, ranging from ethical concerns to multicultural imperatives. Students work collaboratively in developing their topics culminating in oral presentations and written papers. Projects will be showcased at a colloquium featuring a national authority. Written proceedings will summarize the students' projects.
Prerequisite: open to seniors with a speech pathology and audiology major, thematic sequence in speech pathology and audiology, or permission of instructor.

SPA 499.B INTERCULTURAL WORKSHOP IN SPEECH PATHOLOGY AND AUDIOLOGY (3). Serves as an umbrella for workshops that focus on the application of the integration of specialized knowledge in speech, language, and hearing and cultural differences. These workshops will be directed by faculty who have had ongoing ties with individuals in Asia, Europe, and in other cultures within the United States. Preliminary work will be done prior to leaving campus and intensive course work, field experience, and/or research will be completed in the host culture. Students will work collaboratively in developing topics with Miami faculty and professionals and/or students in the host culture. The host culture will typically be in another country but may be within the United States, e.g., Navajo Indian reservation. Preliminary work will be completed spring semester and classes, field experience and/or research in the host culture during summer. Projects will be presented fall semester at a department colloquium and submitted for presentation at professional conventions. Prerequisite: Open to majors in speech pathology and audiology and students who have completed appropriate academic background in topics to be investigated. Workshop director's permission is required.

SPN 490 ISSUES IN HISPANIC LITERATURE (3) Intensive study, including reading and independent research in the Spanish language, on a literary topic in either Spanish American literature, Spanish literature, or some combination of the two. Specific course content will vary according to the instructor, but all variations will include extensive reading, writing, and discussion. Students will be asked to be active rather than passive readers, to think critically about what they read, and to respond to issues or problems confronted in their reading in an analytic and creative manner. Particular capstone topics will be selected annually from proposals submitted by faculty.
Prerequisite: Students should have completed at least one of the following thematic sequences: SPN 1 Literature and Culture in Spain (SPN 313, 413, 420), or SPN 2 Literature and Culture in Spanish America (SPN 314, 414, 430), or a sequence of courses approved by the department.

STA 475 DATA ANALYSIS PRACTICUM (3) The use of statistical data analysis to solve a variety of projects. Emphasis on integrating a broad spectrum of statistical methodology, presentation of results both oral and written, use of statistical computing packages to analyze and display data, and an introduction to the statistical literature. A team project involving teams of students will combine elements of all of the above. Prerequisite: STA 463/563 or 363, or DSC 305.

THE 490 THE THEATRE AND A CULTURAL AESTHETIC (3) This seminar reflects on the entire baccalaureate experience through the systematic exploration of historical and/or contemporary issues. Each seminar will establish a series of topics and a focus for every unit. The four units address foundations in aesthetic theoretical positions, models for the past and the present, extensions into other contemporary cultures, and projections into a global future. The capstone will integrate the theory and practice experience to broaden the students' understanding of the issues theatre artists encounter as they interact with, reflect on and interpret the circumstances of their society.
Prerequisite: Designed primarily for senior Theatre majors who will have completed a year of play analysis, a year of practicum either in design/technology or performance, and 9-12 hours of history and literature. Open to non majors.

THE 499.K FIELD STUDIES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC (8) An intensive cultural immersion into the community of Olomouc, the regions of Moravia and Silesia, and the Czech Republic. Course activity includes living with Czech families, teaching conversational English in Czech middle schools, traveling with Czech peers to Prague, Cracow, and Auschwitz, and two weeks of small-group (Czech and American) travel and study. Prerequisite: senior standing, permission of the instructor. Recommendation of advisor or other faculty member is required only in order to assess the student's readiness for such an intensive overseas experience, especially one that requires such heavy interaction with the host community, international travel, and personal responsibility. There are no quotas or academic area preferences; however, international students must be aware that they may have unique visa requirements, which they must research through their own and the Czech embassy.

WCP 444 AND 445 SENIOR WORKSHOP AND PROJECT (5,5) Focuses on the production of the required senior project, a major piece of scholarship that may report the results of original research, field or laboratory work; comment on the creation of original art, music, theater, performance, fiction or other forms; or analyze the significance of a community involvement or social action--accompanied in each case by a review of relevant literature and an original written text that places the work in pertinent contexts. Students work under the direction of a faculty adviser. Weekly workshops provide a forum in which to share with peers the processes of writing, revision, and research, advanced bibliographic instruction, assistance in organizing the tasks of a major paper, peer editorial and rhetorical oversight, and practice in public presentation of results. Workshop culminates in a public conference, where seniors formally present the results of their year's work. Prerequisite: senior standing and completion of preceding WCP requirements.

WMS 401 THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN A TRANSFORMING SOCIETY (3) A review of current and historically significant feminist writings on the ways in which patriarchal structures of authority in the university, and of disciplined knowledge, affect what the students know about women's experiences. Students read a diverse selection of feminist perspectives on the social and political construction of gender, and on activism by differently positioned women to transform society and limit women's oppression. Students position themselves as creators of knowledge about women's experiences, and as members of self-critical communities of activists who are transforming society, and thus women's position in that society. Formats include shared readings, facilitated discussions, and individual and group projects. Students learn to celebrate similarities in experiences and perspectives, and to understand and appreciate differences. Prerequisite: WMS 201 and at least 12 hours of WMS courses, or permission of instructor.

ZOO 400 CAPSTONE SEMINAR: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES (3) Zoology is involved in many important societal issues critical to this nation. Knowledge of zoology is essential to the problem-solving process required to carefully manage the use of natural resources, protect the environment and maintain biodiversity, improve health, and increase an overall understanding of the living world. It also is important for students in technical fields to understand the interface between animal biology and government regulations, public issues and perceptions, and legal interpretations. This capstone will require senior students to critically evaluate and form positions on current biological issues of national interest. The exact format of the seminar and the theme and specific topics and issues addressed will change from term to term. Examples of themes for a particular seminar include the management and use of natural resources, preservation of biological diversity, the nature of the medical profession, and issues raised by advanced in biotechnology. Miami faculty as well as recognized authorities external to the University will participate in each seminar offering. Prerequisite: Any Botany, Microbiology or Zoology 300-level course, or an appropriate Thematic Sequence such as ZOO 1 Concepts in Physiology or BOT 1 Conservation and the Environment.

ZOO 419.R INDEPENDENT RESEARCH CAPSTONE IN ZOOLOGY (3) A liberal education capstone course that provides students with an in-depth research experience. Requires that students understand scientific literature in a specific area, develop a research proposal, perform research, write a summary report, and orally present the research findings. Prerequisite: permission of instructor and chair or chair designate. Total hours of ZOO 320, 277, 377, 477, 340 or 419 used to fulfill advanced hour requirement in zoology cannot exceed three semester hours.

ZOO 431 WINTER BIOLOGY (3) Examines biochemical, physiological and ecological adaptations of plants and animals to not only survive, but remain active during the winter. Emphasis is placed on integrating students' previous knowledge in the physical and biological sciences to understand the cellular, organismal and evolutionary challenges faced by organisms, including humans, living in environments that experience low temperature and related winter stresses. Requires extensive reading of primary scientific literature, completion of a collaborative small group library assignment, writing a major research paper and grant proposal, and presenting a formal seminar. Prerequisite: ZOO 305 Animal Physiology or equivalent or permission of instructor.

ZOO 444/544 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (4) Consists of two components: an instructor-led discussion that will cover the mechanisms of information flow in cells and that will provide the background necessary for the student-led discussion section. The student-led discussion section will include presentations and discussions that involve an analysis of original research literature in molecular biology; a discussion of the way specific advances in molecular biology are being employed in biotechnology, medicine, forensics or agriculture; a determination of how those advances have affected society; and a consideration of the ethical and moral implications of the use of molecular biological tools. Prerequisite: BOT/ZOO 342 Genetics.

ZOO 452 NERVE AND MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY (4) Study of the nervous and muscle systems in a diversity of organisms, with an emphasis on the cellular and sub cellular level, and the methodology used to derive this information. Experience with experimental techniques will be used to study these systems. The laboratory part of the course is based on problem solving. Students will have the opportunity to perform experiments in a research laboratory. Students will work collaboratively in small groups to develop and carry out a research project related to either nerve or muscle physiology. Prerequisite: 18 semester hours of biological science, including ZOO 305 or completion of the Thematic Sequence Concepts in Physiology; Organic Chemistry.

ZOO 453 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY (4) Students will examine the physiological and behavioral adaptations of animals. Studies of energetic, respiratory, thermoregulatory, and osmoregulatory responses will be integrated both with discussions of specific locomotor adaptations, such as flying, diving, and running, and with consideration of adaptations to extreme or special environments, such as deserts, mountains, and caves. In the laboratory, students will conduct several assigned experiments, in many cases sharing their findings with their laboratory section. Each student also will conduct an independent research project addressing a significant problem in physiological ecology. The results of these projects will be shared with the class. Prerequisite: ZOO 204 Ecology and ZOO 305 Animal Physiology or permission of instructor.

ZOO 454 ENDOCRINOLOGY (5) Consists of an instructor-led discussion section and a project-oriented laboratory with emphasis on mechanisms of action of hormones. Students work in small groups to conduct experiments, collect and analyze data and present it in the format of a scientific paper. Students also participate in a writing project in which they review and analyze original research literature. The influence of the advances in endocrinology, their impact on society, and the ethical implications of these advances are considered. Some examples are hormone therapy used for infertility, menopause, or to enhance growth or decrease the effects of aging. Prerequisites: senior standing and completion of ZOO 305 Animal Physiology and one semester of CHM 241 Organic Chemistry.

ZOO 459 and 469 NEUROPHYSIOLOGY (3,2) Students examine the physiology of the central nervous system including the cellular and molecular basis of signal transmission, neuronal development and learning. Course goals include discussion and synthesis of classic and current information on theory, methods and discoveries pertinent to neurophysiology; enhancement of scientific literacy; increased understanding of scientific methodology and encouragement of critical thinking. Students participate in extensive reading and discussion of primary scientific literature and the completion of a major research paper. In the laboratory, students work in small collaborative groups to conduct experiments, collect and analyze data and present their results in scientific paper format. The presentation of a formal research seminar is required. Prerequisites: Senior standing and ZOO 305 Animal Physiology or equivalent.

ZOO 462 ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT (4) Applied study of toxicology from the molecular to the ecosystem level of organization. Materials are presented in the context of toxicology as an interdisciplinary, problem-solving science utilizing the principles of ecological risk assessment and product life cycle assessment. Using a combination of lectures, student-led discussions, and writing assignments, the class is designed to integrate the education and experiences of life science students and prepare them to make informed choices concerning human impacts and health risks in the environment as a whole, including the natural environment, the home, and the workplace. Prerequisites: Senior standing, ZOO 204 Fundamentals of Ecology, ZOO 305 Animal Physiology, or equivalent, and a year of organic chemistry, or permission of instructor.

ZOO 465 ANIMAL BEHAVIOR (4) An evolutionary approach to the study of animal behavior with emphasis upon the description, measurement, and interpretation of behavior of animals. This course emphasizes a problem solving approach to help students understand how and why behavior influences the ways in which animals live and reproduce. Emphasis is placed on the examination of behavior using a combination of instructor-led discussions, and laboratory experiences. Students will gain experience in evaluating published scientific research as well as data gathered in lab exercises and an independent research project. Prerequisites: Nine hours of advanced courses in zoology and a semester of statistics (or permission of instructor).

ZOO 467 CONSERVATION BIOLOGY (3) Concern for conservation of species has engaged people in nearly all countries. Interest derives from contributions of species to cultures and recognition that many species are critical to the productivity of natural resources. Thus, conservation biology is a synthesis of plant and animal science, cultures and values, economics, and the politics of legislated change. This capstone introduces students to ecological principles and societal constraints guiding species and ecosystem conservation, and gives them experience with site-specific conservation plans. In writing the plans students will confront societal conflicts associated with economics, idiosyncratic biota, property rights and conflicting interpretations of public interest. Prerequisites: An introductory course in biology and ZOO 204 or BOT 401 or equivalent.