Insect Cryobiology
Books
Lee, R. E., G. J. Warren and L. V. Gusta (eds.). 1995. Biological Ice Nucleation and its Applications. APS Press, St. Paul. 370 pp.
Lee, R. E. and D. L. Denlinger (eds.). 1991. Insects at Low Temperature. Chapman and Hall, New York, 513 pp.
Invited Reviews & Book Chapters
(student authors in boldface)
Lee R. E. 2003. Dormancy. In: Encyclopedia of Insects (eds. V. Resh and R. Carde), pp. 344. San Diego, Academic Press. | PDF
Lee R. E. 2003. Hibernation. In: Encyclopedia of Insects (eds. V. Resh and R. Carde), pp. 508-509. San Diego, Academic Press. | PDF
Lee, R. E., L. A. Castrillo, M. R. Lee, J. A. Wyman and J. P. Costanzo. 2001. Using ice-nucleating bacteria to reduce winter survival of Colorado potato beetles: development of a novel strategy for biological control. In: Insect Timing: Circadian Rhythmicity and Seasonality (eds. D. L. Denlinger, J. Giebultowicz and D. S. Saunders), pp. 213-227. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam. | PDF
Armstrong, J. S., R. E. Lee, and F. B. Peairs. 1998. Application of ice-nucleating active bacteria decreases the supercooling capacity of the Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera Aphididae). In: Response Model for an Introduced Pest — the Russian Wheat Aphid (eds. S. S. Quisenberry and F. B. Peairs), pp. 248-257. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, MD. | PDF
Denlinger, D. L. and R. E. Lee. 1998. Physiology of cold sensitivity. In: Temperature Sensitivity in Insects and Application in Integrated Pest Management (eds. G. J. Hallman and D. L. Denlinger), pp. 55-95. Westview Press, Boulder. | PDF
Lee, R. E., J. P. Costanzo and J. A. Mugnano. 1996. Regulation of supercooling and ice nucleation in insects. European Journal of Entomology 93: 405-418. | PDF
Lee, R. E., M. R. Lee and J. M. Strong-Gunderson. 1993. Insect cold-hardiness and ice nucleating active microorganisms including their potential use for biological control: A review. Journal of Insect Physiology 39: 1-12. | PDF
Denlinger, D. L., K. H. Joplin, C. -P. Chen and R. E. Lee. 1991. Cold shock and heat shock. In: Insects at Low Temperature (eds. R. E. Lee and D. L. Denlinger), pp. 131-146. Chapman and Hall, New York. | PDF
Moore, M. V. and R. E. Lee. 1991. Surviving the big chill: overwintering strategies of aquatic and terrestrial insects. American Entomologist 37: 111-118. | PDF
Lee, R .E. 1991. Principles of insect low temperature tolerance. In: Insects at Low Temperature (eds. R. E. Lee and D. L. Denlinger), pp. 17-46. Chapman and Hall, New York. | PDF
Lee, R. E. 1989. Insect cold-hardiness: To freeze or not to freeze. BioScience 39: 308-313. | PDF
Lee, R. E. 1988. Freeze tolerance and adaptation to low temperature in insects and frogs. In: Low Temperature Biotechnology: Emerging Applications and Engineering Contributions BED Vol. 10, HTD Vol. 98 (eds. J. J. McGrath and K. R. Diller), pp. 81-90. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York. | PDF
Lee, R. E., D. L. Denlinger and C. -P. Chen. 1988. Insect cold-hardiness and diapause: Regulatory relationships. In: Endocrinological Frontiers in Physiological Insect Ecology (eds. F. Sehnal, A. Zabza and D. L. Denlinger), pp. 243-262. Wroclaw Technical University Press, Wroclaw, Poland. | PDF
Refereed Articles
(student authors in boldface)
G. Lopez-Martinez, M. A. Elnitsky, Benoit, J. B., R. E. Lee, and D. L. Denlinger. 2008. High resistance to oxidative damage in the Antarctic midge Belgica antarctica, and developmentally linked expression of genes encoding superoxide dismutase, catalase and heat shock protrains. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 38: 796-804. | PDF
Schulte, G. G., M. A. Elnitsky, J. B. Benoit, D. L. Denlinger and R. E. Lee. 2008. Extremely large aggregations of collembolan eggs on Humble Island, Antarctica: a response to early seasonal warming? Polar Biology 31: 889-892. | PDF
Benoit, J. B., G. Lopez-Martinez, M. A. Elnitsky, R. E. Lee, and D. L. Denlinger. 2008. Adaptations for the maintenace of water balance by three species of Antarctic mites. Polar Biology 31: 539-547. | PDF
Teets, N. M., M. A. Elnitsky, J. B. Benoit, G. Lopez-Martinez, D. L. Denlinger and R. E. Lee. 2008. Rapid cold-hardening in larvae of the Antarctic midge Belgica antarctica: cellular cold-sensing and a role for calcium. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 294: 1938-1946. | PDF
Michaud, R. B., J. B. Benoit, G. Lopez-Martinez, M. A. Elnitsky, R. E. Lee, D. L. Denlinger. 2008. Metabolomics reveals unique and sahred metabolic changes in response to heat shock, freezing, and desiccation in the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica. Journal of Insect Physiology 54: 645-655. | PDF
Philip, B. N., S. -X. Yi, M. A. Elnitsky, and R.E. Lee. 2008. Aquaporins play a role in desiccation and freeze tolerance in larvae of the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis. Journal of Experimental Biology 211: 1114-1119. | PDF
Williams, J. B. and R. E. Lee. 2008. Differences in cold tolerance, desiccation resistance, and cryoprotectant production between three populations of Eurosta solidaginis collected from different latitudes. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 178: 365-375. | PDF
Elnitsky, M. A., S. A. L. Hayward, J. P. Rinehart, D. L. Denlinger, and R. E. Lee. 2008. Cryoprotective dehydration and the resistance to inoculative freezing in the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica. Journal of Experimental Biology 211: 524-530. | PDF
Benoit, J. B., G. Lopez-Martinez, M. R. Michaud, M. A. Elnitsky, R. E. Lee, and D. L. Denlinger. 2007. Mechanisms to reduce dehydration stress in larvae of the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica. Journal of Insect Physiology 53: 656-667. | PDF
Yi, S. -X., C. W. Moore, and R. E. Lee. 2007. Rapid cold-hardening protects Drosophila melanogaster from cold-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis 12: 1183-1193. | PDF
Shreve, S. M., S. -X. Yi, and R. E. Lee. 2007. Increased dietary cholesterol enhances cold tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster. CryoLetters 28: 33-37. | PDF
Hayward, S. A. L., J. P. Rinehart, L. H. Sandro, R. E. Lee, and D. L. Denlinger. 2007. Slow dehydration promotes desiccation and freeze tolerance in the Antarctic midge Belgica antarctica. Journal of Experimental Biology 210: 836-844. | PDF
Benoit, J. B., G. Lopez-Martinez, M. A. Elnitsky, R. E. Lee, and D. L. Denlinger. 2007. Moist habitats are essential for adults of the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica (Diptera: Chironomidae), to avoid dehydration. European Journal of Entomology 104: 9-14. | PDF
Benoit, J. B., J. A. Yoder, G. Lopez-Martinez, M. A. Elnitsky, R. E. Lee, and D. L. Denlinger. 2006. Habitat requirements of the seabird tick, Ixodes uriae (Acari: Ixodidae), from the Antarctic Peninsula in relation to water balance characteristics of eggs, nonfed and engorged stages. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 177: 205-215. | PDF
Rinehart, J. P., S. A. L. Hayward, M. A. Elnitsky, L. H. Sandro, R. E. Lee, and D. L. Denlinger. 2006. Continuous up-regulation of heat shock proteins in larvae, but not adults, of a polar insect. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103: 14223-14227. | PDF
Lee, R. E. and D. L. Denlinger. 2006. Entomology on the Antarctic Peninsula: the southernmost insect. American Entomologist 52: 84-89. | PDF
Lee, R. E., K. Damodaran, S. -X.Yi, and G. A. Lorigan. 2006. Rapid cold-hardening increases membrane fluidity and cold tolerance of insect cells. Cryobiology 52: 459-463. | PDF
Lee, R. E., M. A. Elnitsky, J. P. Rinehart, S. A. Hayward, L. H. Sandro, and D. L. Denlinger. 2006. Rapid cold-hardening increases the freezing tolerance of the Antarctic midge Belgica antarctica. Journal of Experimental Biology 209: 399-406. | PDF
Williams, J. B. and R. E. Lee. 2005. Plant senescence cues entry into diapause in the gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis: resulting metabolic depression is critical for water conservation. Journal of Experimental Biology 208: 4437-4444. | PDF
Yi, S. -X. and R. E. Lee. 2005. Changes in gut and Malpighian tubule transport during seasonal acclimatization and freezing in the gall fly Eurosta solidaginis. Journal of Experimental Biology 208: 1895-1904. | PDF
Yi, S. -X. and R. E. Lee. 2004. In vivo and in vitro rapid cold-hardening protects cells from cold-shock injury in the flesh fly. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 174: 611-615. | PDF [The original article is available at springerlink.com.]
Nelson, D. R. and R. E. Lee. 2004. Cuticular lipids and desiccation resistance in overwintering larvae of the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B 138: 313-320. | PDF
Ellsbury, M. M. and R. E. Lee. 2004. Supercooling and cold-hardiness in eggs of western and northern corn rootworms. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 111: 159-163. | PDF
Williams, J. B., N. C. Ruehl, and R. L. Lee. 2004. Partial link between the seasonal acquisition of cold-tolerance and desiccation resistance in the goldenrod gall fly Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Experimental Biology 207: 4407-4414. | PDF
Shreve, S. M.,
J. D. Kelty and R. E. Lee. 2004. Preservation of
reproductive behaviors during modest cooling: rapid cold-hardening
fine-tunes organismal response. Journal of Experimental Biology
207: 1797-1802. |
PDF
Yi, S. -X. and R. E. Lee. 2003. Detecting freeze injury and seasonal
cold-hardening of cells and tissues in the gall fly larvae, Eurosta
solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae) using fluorescent vital
dyes. Journal of Insect Physiology 49: 999-1004. |
PDF
Williams, J. B., J. D. Shorthouse and R. E. Lee. 2003.
Deleterious effects of mild simulated overwintering temperatures
on survival and potential fecundity of rose-galling Diplolepis
wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Journal of Experimental Zoology
298A: 23-31. |
PDF
Bennett, V. A., R. E. Lee, J. S. Nauman and O. Kukal. 2003. Selection
of overwintering microhabitats used by the Arctic woollybear caterpillar,
Gynaephora groenlandica. CryoLetters 24: 191-200.
| PDF
Lee, R. E. and S. J. Hankison.
2003. Acquisition of freezing tolerance in early autumn and seasonal
changes in gall water content influence inoculative freezing of
gall fly larvae, Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera, Tephritidae).
Journal of Insect Physiology 49: 385-393. |
PDF
Irwin, J. T., and R. E. Lee. 2003. Cold winter
microenvironments conserve energy and improve overwintering survival
and potential fecundity of the goldenrod gall flies (Eurosta
solidaginis). Oikos 100: 71-78. |
PDF
Williams, J. B., J. D. Shorthouse and R. E. Lee.
2002. Extreme resistance to desiccation and microclimate related
differences in cold-hardiness of overwintering gall wasps (Hymenoptera:
Cynipidae) on roses in southern Canada. Journal of Experimental
Biology 205: 2115-2124. |
PDF
Irwin, J. T. and R. E. Lee. 2002. Energy and water
conservation in frozen versus supercooled larvae of the goldenrod
gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis (Fitch) (Diptera: Tephritidae).
Journal of Experimental Zoology 292: 345-350. |
PDF
Davis, D. J. and R. E. Lee. 2001. Intracellular freezing, viability,
and composition of fat body cells from freeze-intolerant larvae
of Sarcophaga crassipalpis. Archives of Insect Biochemistry
and Physiology 48: 199-205. |
PDF
Castrillo, L. A., R. E. Lee, J. A. Wyman, M. R. Lee and S. T. Rutherford.
2001. Field persistence of ice-nucleating bacteria in overwintering
Colorado potato beetles. Biological Control 21: 11-18.
| PDF
Castrillo, L. A., S. T. Rutherford, R. E. Lee and
M. R. Lee. 2001. Enhancement of ice-nucleating activity in Pseudomonas
fluorescens and its effect on efficacy against overwintering
Colorado potato beetles. Biological Control 21: 27-34.
| PDF
Irwin, J. T., V. A. Bennett and R. E. Lee. 2001.
Diapause development in frozen larvae of the goldenrod gall fly,
Eurosta solidaginis Fitch (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal
of Comparative Physiology B 171: 181-188. |
PDF
Kelty, J. D. and R. E. Lee. 2001. Rapid cold-hardening
of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) during
ecologically-based thermoperiodic cycles. Journal of Experimental
Biology 204: 1659-1666. |
PDF
Irwin, J. T. and R. E. Lee. 2000. Mild winter temperatures
reduce survival and potential fecundity of the goldenrod gall fly,
Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal
of Insect Physiology 46: 655-661. |
PDF
Kelty, J. D. and R. E. Lee. 2000. Diapausing pupae
of the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
are more resistant to inoculative freezing than non-diapausing pupae.
Physiological Entomology 25: 120-126. |
PDF
Castrillo, L. A., R. E. Lee, M. R. Lee and S. T. Rutherford.
2000. Identification of ice nucleating active Pseudomonas fluorescens
strains for biological control of overwintering Colorado potato
beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology
93: 226-233. |
PDF
Ramlov, H. and R. E. Lee. 2000. Extreme resistance to desiccation
in overwintering larvae of the gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis
(Diptera, Tephritidae). Journal of Experimental Biology 203:
783-789. | PDF
Rivers, D. B., R. E. Lee and D. L. Denlinger. 2000. Cold hardiness
of the fly pupal parasitoid Nasonia vitripennis is enhanced
by its host Sarcophaga crassipalpis. Journal of Insect
Physiology 46: 99-106.
| PDF
Holmstrup, M., J. P. Costanzo
and R. E. Lee. 1999. Cryoprotective and osmotic responses to cold
acclimation and freezing in freeze-tolerant and freeze-intolerant
earthworms. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 169: 207-214.
| PDF
Kelty, J. D. and R. E. Lee. 1999. Induction of
rapid cold-hardening by cooling at ecologically relevant rates in
Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Insect Physiology
45: 719-726. | PDF
Bennett, V. A., O. Kukal and R. E. Lee. 1999. Metabolic
opportunists: Feeding and temperature influence the rate and pattern
of respiration in the high arctic woollybear caterpillar, Gynaephora
groenlandica (Lymantriidae). Journal of Experimental Biology
202: 47-53. |
PDF
Costanzo, J. P., T. L. Humphreys, R. E. Lee, J.
B. Moore, M. R. Lee and J. A. Wyman. 1998. Long-term reduction of
cold hardiness following ingestion of ice-nucleating bacteria in
the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata.
Journal of Insect Physiology 44:1173-1180. |
PDF
Lee, R. E. and J. P. Costanzo. 1998. Biological ice nucleation and
ice distribution in cold-hardy ectothermic animals. Annual Review
of Physiology 60: 55-72. |
PDF
Davidson, E. C. and R. E. Lee. 1998. When cells freeze over: investigating solute concentration, osmosis, and cryopreservation.
The Science Teacher 65: 28-31. | PDF
Lee, M. R., R. E. Lee, J. M. Strong, S.
R. Minges and J. A. Mugnano. 1998. Reduction
of cold hardiness using ice-nucleating fungi and surfactants. Entomologia
Experimentalis et Applicata 89: 103-109. |
PDF
Collins, S. D., A. L. Allenspach and R. E. Lee.
1997. Ultrastructural effects of lethal freezing on brain, muscle
and Malpighian tubules from freeze-tolerant larvae of the gall fly,
Eurosta solidaginis. Journal of Insect Physiology
43: 39-45. |
PDF
Costanzo, J. P., J. B. Moore, R. E. Lee, P
.E. Kaufman and J. A. Wyman. 1997. Influence of soil hydric
parameters on the winter cold hardiness of a burrowing beetle, Leptinotarsa
decemlineata (Say). Journal of Comparative Physiology B
167: 169-176. |
PDF
Bennett, V. A. and R. E. Lee. 1997. Modeling seasonal
changes in intracellular freeze-tolerance of fat body cells of the
gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera:Tephritidae). Journal
of Experimental Biology 200: 185-192.
| PDF
Bennett, V. A., N. L. Pruitt and R. E. Lee. 1997.
Seasonal changes in fatty acid composition associated with cold-hardening
in third instar larvae of Eurosta solidaginis. Journal
of Comparative Physiology B 167: 249-255. |
PDF
Frisbie, M. P. and R. E. Lee. 1997. Inoculative freezing and the
problem of winter survival for freshwater macroinvertebrates. Journal
of the North American Benthological Society 16: 635-650. |
PDF
Burks, C. S., R. J. Stewart, G. Needham and R.
E. Lee. 1996. Cold hardiness in the ixodid ticks (Ixodidae). In:
Acarology IX: Vol. 1, Proceedings (eds. R. Mitchell, D.
J. Horn, G. R. Needham and W. C. Welbourn), pp. 85-87. Ohio Biological
Survey, Columbus, Ohio.
| PDF
Kelty, J. D., K. A. Killian and R. E. Lee. 1996.
Cold shock and rapid cold-hardening of pharate adult flesh flies
(Sarcophaga crassipalpis): effects on behavior and neuromuscular
function following eclosion. Physiological Entomology 21: 283-288.
| PDF
Collins, S. D., A. L. Allenspach and R. E. Lee. 1996. Comparative
ultrastructure of brain, muscle, and Malpighian tubule from the
freeze-tolerant Eurosta solidaginis (Fitch) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
larvae after chemical fixation and high pressure freezing. Problems
in Cryobiology 1: 3-12. |
PDF
Lee, R. E., J. P. Costanzo and J. A. Mugnano. 1996.
Regulation of supercooling and ice nucleation in insects. European
Journal of Entomology 93: 405-418. |
PDF
Mugnano, J. A., R. E. Lee and R. T. Taylor. 1996.
Fat body cells and calcium phosphate spherules induce ice nucleation
in the freeze-tolerant larvae of the gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis
(Diptera, Tephritidae). Journal of Experimental Biology
199: 465-471. |
PDF
Needham, G. R., D. C. Jaworski, C- P. Chen
and R. E. Lee. 1996. Cold-hardiness of a laboratory colony of lone
star ticks. Journal of Medical Entomology 33: 706-710.
| PDF
Troyer, H. L., C. S. Burks and R. E. Lee. 1996.
Phenology of cold hardiness in reproductive and migrant monarch
butterflies (Danaus plexippus) in southwest Ohio. Journal
of Insect Physiology 42: 633-642. |
PDF
Burks, C. S., R. L. Stewart, G. R. Needham and
R. E. Lee. 1996. The role of chilling injury and inoculative freezing
in cold tolerance of Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor
variabilis and Ixodes scapularis. Physiological
Entomology 21: 44-50. |
PDF
Lee, R. E., R. A. Dommel, K. H. Joplin
and D. L. Denlinger. 1995. Cryobiology of the freeze-tolerant gall
fly Eurosta solidaginis: Overwintering energetics and heat
shock proteins. Climate Research 5: 61-67. |
PDF
Lee, R. E. 1995. Using microrespirometers to measure oxygen consumption
by insects and small invertebrates. American Biology Teacher
57: 284-285. | PDF
Steigerwald, K. A., M. R. Lee, R. E. Lee and J.
C. Marshall. 1995. Effect of biological ice nucleators on insect
supercooling capacity varies with anatomic site of application.
Journal of Insect Physiology
41: 603-608. |
PDF
Strong-Gunderson,
J. M., R. E. Lee and M. R. Lee. 1994. Ice nucleating active
bacteria increase insect mortality at high subzero temperatures.
CryoLetters 15: 385-392. | PDF
Morason, R. T., A. L. Allenspach and R. E. Lee.
1994. Comparative ultrastructure of fat body cells of freeze-susceptible
and freeze-tolerant Eurosta solidaginis larvae after chemical
fixation and high pressure freezing. Journal of Insect Physiology
40: 155-164. | PDF
Larsen, K. J. and R. E. Lee. 1994. Cold tolerance including rapid
cold-hardening and inoculative freezing in migrant monarch butterflies
in Ohio. Journal of Insect Physiology 40: 859-864. | PDF
Yocum, G. D., J. Zdarek, K. H. Joplin,
R. E. Lee, D. C. Smith, K. D. Manter and D. L. Denlinger. 1994.
Alteration of the eclosion rhythm and eclosion behavior in the flesh
fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis, by low and high temperature
stress. Journal of Insect Physiology 40: 13-21. | PDF
Larsen, K. J., R. E. Lee and L. R. Nault. 1993. Influence of developmental
conditions on cold-hardiness of adult Dalbulus leafhoppers: Implications
for overwintering. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata
67: 99-108. | PDF
Lee, R. E., J. G. McGrath, R. T. Morason and R.
M. Taddeo. 1993. Survival of intracellular freezing, lipid
coalescence and osmotic fragility in fat body cells of the freeze-tolerant
gall fly Eurosta solidaginis. Journal of Insect Physiology
39: 445-450. | PDF
Denlinger, D. L., R. E. Lee, G. D. Yocum and O.
Kukal. 1992. Role of chilling in the acquisition of cold tolerance
and the capacitation to express stress proteins in diapausing pharate
larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. Archives
of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 21: 271-280. | PDF
Strong-Gunderson, J. M., R. E. Lee and M. R. Lee.
1992. Topical application of ice-nucleating-active bacteria decreases
insect cold tolerance. Applied and Environmental Microbiology
58: 2711-2716. | PDF
Lee, R. E., J. M. Strong-Gunderson, M. R. Lee and
E. C. Davidson. 1992. Ice nucleating bacteria decrease
the cold-hardiness of stored grain insects. Journal of Economic
Entomology 58: 371-374. | PDF
Chen, C. -P., R. E. Lee and D. L. Denlinger. 1991.
A comparison of the responses of tropical and temperate flies (Diptera:
Sarcophagidae) to cold and heat stress. Journal of Comparative
Physiology B 160: 543-547. | PDF
Chen, C. -P., R. E. Lee and D. L. Denlinger. 1991.
Cold shock and heat shock: a comparison of the protection generated
by brief pretreatment at less severe temperatures. Physiological
Entomology 16: 19-26. | PDF
Kukal, O., D. L. Denlinger and R. E. Lee. 1991.
Developmental and metabolic changes induced by anoxia in diapausing
and non-diapausing flesh fly pupae. Journal of Comparative Physiology
B 160: 683-689. | PDF
Chen, C. -P., D. L. Denlinger and R. E. Lee. 1991. Seasonal
variation in generation time, diapause and cold hardiness in a central
Ohio population of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata. Ecological
Entomology 16: 155-162. | PDF
Moore, M. V. and R. E. Lee. 1991. Surviving the big chill: overwintering
strategies of aquatic and terrestrial insects. American Entomologist
37: 111-118. | PDF
Czajka, M. C. and R. E. Lee. 1990. A rapid cold-hardening response
protecting against cold shock injury in Drosophila melanogaster.
Journal of Experimental Biology 148: 245-254. | PDF
Johnston, S. L. and R. E. Lee. 1990. Regulation
of supercooling and nucleation in a freeze intolerant beetle (Tenebrio
molitor). Cryobiology 27: 562-568. | PDF
Strong-Gunderson, J. M., R. E. Lee, M. R. Lee and T. J. Riga. 1990.
Ingestion of ice nucleating active bacteria increases the supercooling
point of the lady beetle Hippodamia convergens. Journal
of Insect Physiology 36: 153-157. | PDF
Lee, R. E. 1989. Insect
cold-hardiness: To freeze or not to freeze. BioScience
39: 308-313. | PDF
Bennett, L. E. and R. E. Lee. 1989. Simulated winter
to summer transition in diapausing adults of the lady beetle (Hippodamia
convergens): supercooling point is not indicative of cold-hardiness.
Physiological Entomology 14: 361-367. | PDF
Baust, J. G. and R. E. Lee. 1987. Multiple stress tolerance in an
Antarctic terrestrial arthropod: Belgica antarctica. Cryobiology
24: 140-147. |
PDF
Chen, C. -P., D. L. Denlinger and R. E. Lee. 1987. Cold-shock
injury and rapid cold-hardening in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga
crassipalpis. Physiological Zoology 60: 297-304. | PDF
Lee, R. E. and J. G. Baust. 1987. Cold-hardiness in the Antarctic
tick, Ixodes uriae. Physiological Zoology 60:
499-506. | PDF
Chen, C. -P., D. L. Denlinger and R. E. Lee. 1987.
Responses of nondiapausing flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
to low rearing temperatures: Developmental rate, cold tolerance
and glycerol concentrations. Annals of the Entomological Society
of America 80: 790-796. | PDF
Lee, R. E., C. -P. Chen, M. H. Meacham
and D. L. Denlinger. 1987. Ontogenetic patterns of cold-hardiness
and glycerol production in Sarcophaga crassipalpis. Journal
of Insect Physiology 33: 587-592. | PDF
Lee, R. E., C. -P. Chen and D. L. Denlinger. 1987.
A rapid cold-hardening process in insects. Science 238:
1415-1417. | PDF
Lee, R. E., R. A. Ring and J. G. Baust. 1986. Low temperature tolerance
in insects and other terrestrial arthropods: Bibliography II. Cryo-Letters
7: 113-126. | PDF
Rojas, R. R., R. E. Lee and J. G. Baust. 1986.
Relationship of environmental water content to glycerol accumulation
in the freezing tolerant larvae of Eurosta solidaginis
(Fitch). Cryo-Letters 7: 234-245. | PDF
Lee, R. E. and E. A. Lewis. 1985. Effect of temperature and duration
of exposure on tissue ice formation in the gall fly, Eurosta
solidaginis (Diptera, Tephritidae). Cryo-Letters 6:
25-34. | PDF
Lee, R. E., and J. G. Baust. 1985. Low temperature acclimation in
the desert spider, Agelenopsis aperta. Journal of Arachnology
13: 129-136. | PDF
Lee, R. E., E. H. Bryant and J. G. Baust. 1985. Fecundity and longevity
of houseflies after space flight. Experientia 41: 1191-1192.
| PDF
Lee, R. E. and D. L. Denlinger. 1985. Cold tolerance in diapausing
and non-diapausing stages of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga
crassipalpis. Physiological Entomology 10: 309-315.
| PDF
Rojas, R. R.,
R. E. Lee, T. Luu and J. G. Baust. 1984. Temperature
dependence-independence of antifreeze turnover in Eurosta solidaginis
(Fitch). Journal of Insect Physiology 29: 865-869. | PDF
Strassmann, J. E., R. E. Lee, R. R. Rojas and J.
G. Baust. 1984. Caste and sex differences in cold-hardiness in the
social wasps, Polistes annularis and P. exclamans
(Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Insectes Sociaux 31: 291-301.
| PDF
Baust, J. G. and R. E. Lee. 1983. Population differences in antifreeze/
cryoprotectant accumulation patterns in an Antarctic insect. Oikos
40: 120-124. |
PDF
Lee, R. E., D. Friday, R. Rojas, H. James and J.
G. Baust. 1983. An evaluation of eluent recycling and column life
for HPLC analysis of carbohydrates. Journal of Liquid Chromatography
6: 1139-1151. | PDF
Baust, J. G., R. E. Lee, R. Rojas, D. L. Hendrix,
D. Friday and H. James. 1983. Comparative separation of low molecular
weight carbohydrates and polyols by HPLC: Radially compressed amine
modified silica versus ion exchange. Journal of Chromatography
261: 65-75. | PDF
Lee, R. E., and J. G. Baust. 1983. Physiological adaptations of
Antarctic terrestrial arthropods. Antarctic Journal of the United
States 17: 193-195. | PDF
Baust, J. G. and R. E. Lee. 1982. Adaptive potential of terrestrial
invertebrates: Maritime Antarctic. Antarctic Journal of the
United States 16: 175-176. | PDF
Timm, R. M. and R. E. Lee. 1982. Is host castration an evolutionary
strategy of bot flies? Evolution 36: 416-417. | PDF
Lee, R. E. and J. G. Baust. 1982. Respiratory metabolism of the
Antarctic tick, Ixodes uriae. Comparative Biochemistry
and Physiology 72A: 167-171. | PDF
Zachariassen, K .E., J. G. Baust and R. E. Lee. 1982. A method for
quantitative determination of ice nucleating agents in insect hemolymph.
Cryobiology 19: 180-184. | PDF
Baust, J. G. and R. E. Lee. 1982. Environmental triggers to cryoprotectant
modulation in separate populations of the gall fly, Eurosta
solidaginis (Fitch). Journal of Insect Physiology 28:
431-436. | PDF
Baust, J. G., R. E. Lee and H. James. 1982. Differential binding
of sugars and polyhydric alcohols to ion exchange resins: Inappropriateness
for quantitative HPLC. Journal of Liquid Chromatography 5:
767-779. | PDF
Lee, R. E., and J. G. Baust. 1982. Absence of metabolic cold adaptation
and compensatory acclimation in the Antarctic fly, Belgica antarctica.
Journal of Insect Physiology 28: 725-729. |
PDF
Baust, J. G., R. E. Lee and R. A. Ring. 1982. The physiology and
biochemistry of low temperature tolerance in insects and other terrestrial
arthropods: A bibliography. Cryo-Letters 3: 191-212. | PDF
Timm, R. M. and R. E. Lee. 1981. Do bot flies, Cuterebra (Diptera:
Cuterebridae), emasculate their hosts? Journal of Medical Entomology
18: 333-336. | PDF
Baust, J. G. and R. E. Lee. 1981. Environmental "homeothermy"
in an Antarctic insect. Antarctic Journal of the United States
15: 170-172. | PDF
Hendrix, D. L., R. E. Lee, H. James and J. G. Baust. 1981. Separation
of carbohydrates and polyols by a radially compressed HPLC silica
column modified with TEPA. Journal of Chromatography 210:
45-53. | PDF
Baust, J. G. and R. E. Lee. 1981. Divergent mechanisms of frost-hardiness
in two populations of the gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis.
Journal of Insect Physiology 27: 485-490. | PDF
Lee, R. E., K. E. Zachariassen and J. G. Baust. 1981. Effect of
cryoprotectants on the activity of hemolymph nucleating agents in
physical solutions. Cryobiology 18: 511-514. | PDF
Lee, R. E. and J. G. Baust. 1981. Seasonal patterns of cold-hardiness
in Antarctic terrestrial arthropods. Comparative Biochemistry
and Physiology 70A: 579-582. |
PDF
Lee, R. E. 1980. Physiological adaptations of Coccinellidae to supranivean
and subnivean hibernacula. Journal of Insect Physiology
26: 135-138. | PDF
Lee, R. E. 1980. Summer microhabitat distribution of some centipedes
in a deciduous and coniferous community of central Ohio (Chilopoda).
Entomological News 91: 1-6. | PDF
Lee, R. E. 1980. Aggregation of lady beetles on the shores of lakes
(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). American Midland Naturalist
104: 295-304. | PDF